What Makes a “Military Uniform”?

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Versión en español a continuación.

My sincere thanks to Brent Becker (again) for his vast uniform knowledge. I sent him a message years ago and he gave me the information for this article, Creating Your Own Exhibition Drill Uniform. Brent has done it again. Providing information and educating the military drill world is only going to help us all. We need to understand all aspects of our history to help us understand where we are going.

Identity and Intended Use

Military uniforms grew out of fashion preferred by French Nobility of the 17th Century – civilian overcoats adapted and mass-produced for enlisted and conscripted soldiers. The purpose of uniforms 300+ years ago was to help soldiers identify with King and Country – to represent the ruing power by wearing their colors, which also helped combatants distinguish friend from foe on the battlefield – not unlike sports teams today.

So, first and foremost, there’s a symbolic element: By incorporating the colors and marks of one’s homeland, the military uniform becomes a vestment of patriotic nationalism. This notion of symbolism could be applied to contemporary drill uniforms – incorporating colors significant to the wearer or their institution/team can create both a sense of identity and esprit de corps without detracting from the decorum of the event…

Then there’s the idea of uniformity itself – the desire for sameness; standardized attire that, that to some degree, equalizes all servicemen & women serving in the armed forces. I feel the effect is twofold: There’s a (positive) “humbling effect” to uniformity as well as a unifying bond created – the proverbial “common thread” uniting all who have served, are serving, and will serve in the future. In this way, the military uniform is not just part of the nation-state’s identity, but can become a huge part of the wearer’s identity as well – again, we find an impetus for significance here that can create added relevance for all involved…
Consider also the effect and impact uniforms and uniformity can have on the human psyche: The notion of standardized cut & color for a standing, regular army was revolutionary in late 17th Century Europe – and seeing hundreds, if not thousands of smartly-dressed soldiers outfitted in the same jacket and colors must have been downright intimidating to one’s enemies! In modern times, and as the nature and technology of warfare evolved, military uniforms became less about creating a striking, imposing visual impression and more about disrupting and obscuring one’s self from view – camouflage is the desired impact on the battlefield today. But formal (symbolic) uniforms maintain a ceremonial role for formal, solemn, and ceremonial occasions.

Ultimately, I suppose any garment can be used as a “uniform” – but with over three centuries of tradition influencing European Military styles, the mold is very much set and based on the overcoats preferred by French noblemen in the mid-17th Century. And while nations have risen and fallen and the length and silhouettes have shifted in that time, the three-part core concept of a blouse/shirt, tunic/coat, and leggings/trousers remains very much intact as the foundation for military uniforms in the Western World.

Mandatory Parts?

Not as such, at least not in my experience. What constitutes “military style” varies from region to region and even across generations – although there are elements which feel “more military” or immediately read as more formal and martial to the civilian eye. For me, in my work, this is almost always buttons – rows of polished brass or nickel buttons on a jacket immediately recalls timeless pageantry, strength, and a certain armored and rugged masculinity to my mind. Decorative but austere braiding, especially in bars across the chest with tasteful flourishes, is always reminiscent of the ubiquitous West Point Cadet uniforms and has been the hallmark of any musical unit wishing to convey a military presence since at least 1930. Belts and buckles, like buttons, bring to mind an armored element – in fact, the buckle of today’s cross belts are a lingering remnant of armored breastplates designed to protect soldiers from early artillery and ancient projectile weapons.

Again, anything can become a uniform if worn uniformly – but much of how one dresses should be informed by the gravity of the occasion. For a drill meet or contest, a certain professional decorum is likely expected. In that case, whatever is worn should be properly tailored and pressed to present a polished image appropriate for drilling. Personally, I’m a firm believer that any special occasion is worth dressing up for – if you believe what you’re doing is important, your outward appearance should reflect that. Look important, feel important, be important – how one dresses can impact how one feels and subsequently performs!

Visual Effects

Contrast is the “secret sauce” to creating visual impact! Dark vs. light colors used strategically can help draw attention to areas of emphasis while concealing areas of less significance or those parts of the body still developing in skill. Dark or dull colors tend to recede or will be subordinate to light and bright colors. For example, if one’s footwork is particularly strong and significant to their routine, consider white bucks or spats; perhaps even white shoes to emphasize the feet. A bright color stripe on dark trousers will do the same for well-trained legs. The same concept can be applied to any shiny or metallic accessories – helmets, cords, or badges can catch light and draw attention to those areas. This can be leveraged to draw attention away from other areas that are not as strong – think of it as a “smoke-and-mirrors” strategy; the ol’ “Razzle-dazzle”, as it were. I always advise younger, developing groups to consider dark, undecorated (no stripe) pants and lighter-colored tops; symmetry while keeping the focus on the upper body until they develop the strength and control to showcase the lower extremities effectively.

¿Qué caracteriza a un “uniforme militar”?

Mi más sincero agradecimiento a Brent Becker (nuevamente) por su vasto conocimiento sobre uniformes. Le envié un mensaje hace años y me dio la información para este artículo, Cómo crear su propio uniforme de entrenamiento de exhibición. Brent lo ha vuelto a hacer. Proporcionar información y educar al mundo de los ejercicios militares sólo nos ayudará a todos. Necesitamos comprender todos los aspectos de nuestra historia para ayudarnos a comprender hacia dónde vamos.

Identidad y Uso Previsto

Los uniformes militares pasaron de moda y fueron los preferidos de la nobleza francesa del siglo XVII: abrigos civiles adaptados y producidos en masa para soldados alistados y reclutados. El propósito de los uniformes hace más de 300 años era ayudar a los soldados a identificarse con el Rey y la Patria, representar el poder dominante usando sus colores, lo que también ayudaba a los combatientes a distinguir a amigos de enemigos en el campo de batalla, de manera similar a los equipos deportivos de hoy.

Entonces, ante todo, hay un elemento simbólico: al incorporar los colores y las marcas de la propia patria, el uniforme militar se convierte en una vestimenta del nacionalismo patriótico. Esta noción de simbolismo podría aplicarse a los uniformes de instrucción contemporáneos: la incorporación de colores significativos para el usuario o su institución/equipo puede crear un sentido de identidad y espíritu de equipo sin restar valor al decoro del evento…

Luego está la idea misma de uniformidad: el deseo de igualdad; vestimenta estandarizada que, hasta cierto punto, iguala a todos los hombres y mujeres militares que sirven en las fuerzas armadas. Siento que el efecto es doble: hay un “efecto de humildad” (positivo) en la uniformidad, así como un vínculo unificador creado: el proverbial “hilo común” que une a todos los que han servido, están sirviendo y servirán en el futuro. De esta manera, el uniforme militar no es sólo parte de la identidad del Estado-nación, sino que también puede convertirse en una gran parte de la identidad de quien lo porta; nuevamente, encontramos aquí un ímpetu de importancia que puede crear relevancia adicional para todos los involucrados…
Considere también el efecto y el impacto que los uniformes y la uniformidad pueden tener en la psique humana: la noción de corte y color estandarizados para un ejército regular y permanente fue revolucionaria en la Europa de finales del siglo XVII, y ver cientos, si no miles, de soldados elegantemente vestidos y equipados. ¡Con la misma chaqueta y colores debe haber sido francamente intimidante para los enemigos! En los tiempos modernos, y a medida que la naturaleza y la tecnología de la guerra evolucionaron, los uniformes militares se centraron menos en crear una impresión visual llamativa e imponente y más en perturbar y ocultar uno mismo de la vista: el camuflaje es el impacto deseado en el campo de batalla hoy en día. Pero los uniformes formales (simbólicos) mantienen un papel ceremonial para ocasiones formales, solemnes y ceremoniales.

En última instancia, supongo que cualquier prenda puede usarse como “uniforme”, pero con más de tres siglos de tradición que influyen en los estilos militares europeos, el molde está muy establecido y se basa en los abrigos preferidos por los nobles franceses a mediados del siglo XVII. Y aunque las naciones han ascendido y caído y la longitud y las siluetas han cambiado en ese tiempo, el concepto central de tres partes de blusa/camisa, túnica/abrigo y mallas/pantalones permanece prácticamente intacto como base de la unidad militar.

¿Piezas Obligatorias?

No como tal, al menos no según mi experiencia. Lo que constituye el “estilo militar” varía de una región a otra e incluso de una generación a otra, aunque hay elementos que parecen “más militares” o que el ojo civil percibe inmediatamente como más formales y marciales. Para mí, en mi trabajo, casi siempre se trata de botones: las hileras de botones de latón pulido o níquel en una chaqueta me recuerdan inmediatamente la pompa atemporal, la fuerza y ​​una cierta masculinidad acorazada y robusta. Los trenzados decorativos pero austeros, especialmente en las barras que cruzan el pecho con elegantes adornos, siempre recuerdan a los omnipresentes uniformes de West Point Cadet y han sido el sello distintivo de cualquier unidad musical que desee transmitir una presencia militar desde al menos 1930. Cinturones y hebillas, como botones, recuerdan un elemento blindado; de hecho, la hebilla de los cinturones cruzados actuales es un vestigio persistente de corazas blindadas diseñadas para proteger a los soldados de la artillería antigua y las antiguas armas de proyectiles.

Una vez más, cualquier cosa puede convertirse en uniforme si se usa de manera uniforme, pero gran parte de la forma en que uno se viste debe depender de la gravedad de la ocasión. Para una competencia o competencia de ejercicios, probablemente se espera cierto decoro profesional. En ese caso, todo lo que se use debe confeccionarse y plancharse adecuadamente para presentar una imagen pulida apropiada para la perforación. Personalmente, creo firmemente que vale la pena vestirse elegante para cualquier ocasión especial; si crees que lo que estás haciendo es importante, tu apariencia exterior debe reflejarlo. Parezca importante, siéntase importante, sea importante: ¡la forma en que uno se viste puede afectar cómo uno se siente y posteriormente se desempeña!

Efectos Visuales

¡El contraste es la “salsa secreta” para crear impacto visual! Los colores oscuros frente a los claros utilizados estratégicamente pueden ayudar a llamar la atención sobre áreas de énfasis mientras ocultan áreas de menos importancia o aquellas partes del cuerpo que aún están desarrollando habilidades. Los colores oscuros o apagados tienden a retroceder o quedarán subordinados a los colores claros y brillantes. Por ejemplo, si el juego de pies de una persona es particularmente fuerte y significativo para su rutina, considere los blancos o las polainas; Quizás incluso zapatos blancos para resaltar los pies. Una raya de color brillante sobre pantalones oscuros hará lo mismo para unas piernas bien entrenadas. El mismo concepto se puede aplicar a cualquier accesorio brillante o metálico: los cascos, cordones o insignias pueden captar la luz y llamar la atención sobre esas áreas. Esto puede aprovecharse para desviar la atención de otras áreas que no son tan fuertes; considérelo como una estrategia de “humo y espejos”; el viejo “Razzle-dazzle”, por así decirlo. Siempre aconsejo a los grupos más jóvenes y en desarrollo que consideren pantalones oscuros, sin adornos (sin rayas) y blusas de colores más claros; simetría mientras mantienen el enfoque en la parte superior del cuerpo hasta que desarrollen la fuerza y el control para exhibir las extremidades inferiores de manera efectiva.

DrillMaster’s DrillAcademy Video Training

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The links for each service’s D&C training playlist are below. This is in-depth training! I have more to add to each (different rifles and colors) but the training is solid having spent years researching and developing it. This is regulation drill, ceremonial drill is coming in the future.

I offer certification in all three or you can watch for general knowledge.

Army:

Marine Corps, Navy, and Coast Guard:

Air Force and Space Force:

What is A-A and A-B Drill?

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Versión en español a continuación.

Why do you need to know this?

The more you know about the concepts of exhibition drill, the better you will be in designing a routine. This article is about A-A and A-B drill. It can be applied to both marching, body work (unarmed exhibition drill), and rifle work.

In the following descriptions I use the term Group to mean an individual, a squad, a rank, a portion of a squad, etc. Grouping is broken down like this (not complete):

  1. Grouping by squad
  2. Grouping by rank
  3. Grouping by group
  4. Grouping by Individuals

A-A Drill

This is marching/work that is the same for each group. In the example above, even the Bs would perform the same thing either at the same time (Simultaneous A-A) or in sequence (Staggered or Ripple A-A). Simultaneous A-A is the whole team doing the same thing at the same time. An example of Staggered/Ripple A-A would be the classic marching move Jones Sequence that was created in the late 1950s. The move is executed by squads (imagine a team with four squads). On the command March, fourth squad executes: To the Rear, Left Flank, Right Flank, and To the Rear, and continues to march. On the next left step after fourth squad executes the To the Rear, 3rd squad performs the same sequence. Second and 1st follow on subsequent left steps in sequence. Jones Sequence can also be performed by ranks beginning with the last rank and progressing up to the first.

A-B Drill

This is marching/work that is different for each group and is the same number of counts. Usually, simultaneous A-B work is the most effective. However, Staggered A-B can be effective. Staggered A-B happens when one group stops while the other performs.

Here is an example of both:

Below is an example of a relatively new method for exhibition drill, called Hybrid Exhibition Drill. Hybrid Drill incorporates armed and unarmed drill simultaneously. Most likely created by Paul Naki of the King’s Guard (HI) around 2018, this strange and yet incredible style is now it’s own subcategory under exhibition drill along with Ceremonial Exhibition Drill (service drill teams), Scholastic Exhibition Drill (school-based teams), and Independent Exhibition Drill (mostly solo and tandem work created by post-high school Drillers). Any further development of Hybrid Exhibition Drill is going to be well thought out and quite complex in order to make a lasting positive impact on the activity and the audience.

In this video you can see some A-A and A-B sequences. The A-A sequences are not strictly A-A since there are two Drillers and only one rifle. However, when you see the performance you will understand how both techniques (A-A and A-B) are applied.

Other types?

Is there A-B-C or other versions? Sure. As many groups as you have, you can create a sequence of moves but this can get complicated. For example, a grouping by squad for a team with 3 or 4 squads, and having a separate sequence for each squad for simultaneous performance may just be confusing for your audience.

What next?

If you are new to writing exhibition drill, use the Boxes of Three Method I developed as a basis for your creativity. Start with that as a benchmark and develop your own moves and/or A-A or A-B work. Click here to learn more about writing exhibition drill.

¿Qué es el ejercicio A-A y A-B?

¿Por qué necesitas saber esto?

Cuanto más sepa sobre los conceptos del ejercicio de exhibición, mejor podrá diseñar una rutina. Este artículo trata sobre los ejercicios A-A y A-B. Se puede aplicar tanto a la marcha como al trabajo corporal (ejercicio de exhibición sin armas) y al trabajo con rifle.

En las siguientes descripciones utilizo el término grupo para referirme a un individuo, un escuadrón, un rango, una parte de un escuadrón, etc. La agrupación se desglosa así (consulte la imagen de arriba en la versión en inglés. No completa).

Taladro A-A

Esta es una marcha/trabajo que es igual para cada grupo. En el ejemplo anterior, incluso las B realizarían lo mismo al mismo tiempo (A-A simultáneo) o en secuencia (A-A escalonado o ondulado). A-A simultáneo es todo el equipo haciendo lo mismo al mismo tiempo. Un ejemplo de Staggered/Ripple A-A sería el clásico movimiento de marcha Jones Sequence que se creó a finales de la década de 1950. El movimiento se ejecuta por escuadrones (imagina un equipo con cuatro escuadrones). Con la orden Marchar, el cuarto escuadrón ejecuta: A la retaguardia, Flanco izquierdo, Flanco derecho y A la retaguardia, y continúa marchando. En el siguiente paso a la izquierda después de que el cuarto escuadrón ejecuta Hacia atrás, el tercer escuadrón realiza la misma secuencia. El segundo y el primero siguen los siguientes pasos a la izquierda en secuencia. La secuencia Jones también se puede realizar por rangos comenzando con el último rango y avanzando hasta el primero.

Taladro A-B

Esta es una marcha/trabajo que es diferente para cada grupo y tiene el mismo número de conteos. Generalmente, el trabajo simultáneo A-B es el más efectivo. Sin embargo, Staggered A-B puede ser eficaz. El A-B escalonado ocurre cuando un grupo se detiene mientras el otro actúa.

El último vídeo de arriba es un ejemplo de un método relativamente nuevo para el simulacro de exhibición, llamado Hybrid Exhibition Drill. Hybrid Drill incorpora taladro armado y desarmado simultáneamente. Probablemente creado por Paul Naki de la Guardia del Rey (HI) alrededor de 2018, este estilo extraño pero increíble ahora es su propia subcategoría bajo simulacro de exhibición junto con el simulacro de exhibición ceremonial (equipos de simulacros de servicio), el simulacro de exhibición escolar (equipos escolares). y Drillers de exhibición independiente (principalmente trabajos en solitario y en tándem creados por Drillers posteriores a la escuela secundaria). Cualquier desarrollo posterior de Hybrid Exhibition Drill será bien pensado y bastante complejo para lograr un impacto positivo duradero en la actividad y la audiencia.

En este vídeo puedes ver algunas secuencias A-A y A-B. Las secuencias A-A no son estrictamente A-A ya que hay dos Perforadores y un solo rifle. Sin embargo, cuando veas la actuación entenderás cómo se aplican ambas técnicas (A-A y A-B).

A Message From a CAP Cadet

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A short time ago I received an email through my website that is indicative of the messages I receive from Civil Air Patrol cadets and adults in general. This is my response to the cadet.

Dear CAP Cadet, my answers are after each of your questions preceded by “%”.

I’m trying to start a color guard at my Civil Air Patrol Squadron and I’ve been reading the USAF HGMAN to do it because CAPP 52-8 just seems like it was written by somebody who had no idea what they were talking about.

% Your perception is uncanny!

I understand the manual of arms and the basics but I’m having trouble understanding when the team should be at close interval and when they should be at shoulder to shoulder, and what the commands are to fix the spacing or if it’s done automatically. I was wondering if you could help explain it to me?

% Unless your whole team has gone through CAP ceremonial training (which is lacking), you cannot use the information you’ve read in the AF Honor Guard Manual. You must use regulation technique. I’ll explain that in a minute.

I was also wondering if there’s a CAP specific resource I’m missing because I have heard you say CAP does things differently from the Air Force.

% CAPP 52-8 is the Unit HG Program (ceremonial drill), but you need to start with CAPP 60-33, CAP D&C (regulation drill). 60-33 was written in the same manner as 52-8, unfortunately, and that is where CAP D&C begins to stray from USAF D&C. CAP was never supposed to create a different standard but did with reckless abandon. There are many nuances in AFPAM 34-1203, AF D&C, that many in CAP, AFJROTC, and others just do not grasp and that is due to the AF’s poor writing. However, poor writing is no excuse to go off on your own and “rewrite” a manual for a subordinate agency. CAP should have written a supplement for cadets.

Also watching your videos you use the terms “regulation”, “ceremonial”, and “exhibition” drill, could you help explain the differences between them? Thank you.

% Regulation Drill comes from the three service D&C manuals, TC 3-21.5, MCO 5060.20, and AFPAM 34-1203. They are the “regulations” that govern service drill and ceremonies that is applicable to everyone in uniform in the Department of Defense, ROTC, JROTC, CAP, Sea Cadets, Sea Scouts, and Young Marines. It is supposed to be the default standard for every cadet organization in the USA but isn’t because of egos.

% Ceremonial Drill is strictly for service honor guard units and not for the general military nor cadets to perform. It was developed out of necessity for rendering honors and looking your absolute best. There’s more of an explanation but it’s lengthy.

% Exhibition Drill is any marching or rifle/sword manipulation. However, it has come to be understood that exhibition drill is marching and equipment use that is not specifically in a service D&C manual.

World Drill Association

The World Drill Association Ultimate Inspection

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When I was a cadet at New Mexico Military Institute, we had a yearly inspection competition between each company. It was called the Sally Port Inspection. A sally port is a controlled entryway to a fort or even a prison. In the image below is the entry point or Sally Port for Hagerman Barracks. What cadets call the “Box” at NMMI.

The cadet regimental staff’s rooms were above the sally port and the inspection would happen there. Hence, the name.

Hagerman Barracks at NMMI

Each company selected a cadet who would study the cadet manual, our Blue Book, general orders, the chain of command from squad leader to the President for at least two weeks before the inspection.

The uniform inspection was extremely unique, and the preparations were unique as well. The whole company would get together and work as a team on the uniform. One cadet would be assigned each shoe that took hours to shine, one worked on the shirt, another one or two went through the uniform, inside and out, cutting and burning each tiny string. Tape was used to get lint off the inside of the trousers and blouse. Cadets were assigned to shine the nametag, the bill of the hat, the chin strap, and the belt buckle while another would work on the collar brass, and still another would shine the oakleaf clusters on each ribbon. The cadets would set up the blouse with a micrometer, ensuring everything aligned down to the tiniest of measurements. Finally, the cadets would steam and iron each crease. It was an all-night affair and teamwork was essential. About an hour before the assigned inspection time, the cadet would be dressed by everyone. He would not sit down or even bend his elbows or knees for fear of creasing the perfectly shined shoes or wrinkling the uniform. Everything was absolutely perfect. Tape was rolled over the uniform one last time on the outside just before heading to the inspection room. Once in the room, it began. No one yelled, it was calm but very intense.

The one to be inspected would march in, render a hand salute, and report in. He was then immediately surrounded by 5 inspectors asking rapid-fire questions for the whole inspection and scouring the uniform. While answering questions, every millimeter of the outside of the uniform was inspected, inspectors would then request removal of one shoe, the cover, and eventually the blouse. The inside of the uniform was now gone over with a fine-tooth comb. Any string, mark, wrinkle, or piece of lint anywhere on the inside or outside of the uniform, anything even slightly out of alignment was a gig or demerit. Cadets might finish their inspection with dozens of gigs on their scoresheet but still be in line to win. When each cadet was finished being inspected, he would leave holding everything he was asked to remove, marching as best he could while holding that one shoe.

The World Drill Association Ultimate Inspection is one of the best ways for teams to show teamwork while supporting each other to support one representative to go through what will probably be the most intense inspection of their life.

Here is the link to the scoresheet.

Jacksonville State University Football Stadium view from the press box

2023 Alabama State JROTC Drill Meet Performance Audio Critiques

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It was a beautiful day at Jacksonville State University for the state drill championship. I had the pleasure of overseeing color guard and I again did my DrillMaster Performance Critiques for the Unarmed Color Guard category. Here are the MP3 files for you to download.

Bob Jones

Buckhorn

Columbia

Enterprise

Gadsden

Hillcrest

Huntsville

Lee New Century

Murphy

Pell City

Ramsey

Sparkman

Thank you to the JSU AROTC staff and cadets, the instructors and cadets. I know this kind of feedback is new and possibly a bit strange but it can be very helpful.

Colors Reverse

None of the teams performed a Colors Reverse Properly. According to TC 3-21.5, it’s one face-in-march after another and that move is only performed with a pivot on the right foot platform. For a complete explanation, watch this.

Sling Arms

Not very many teams performed this correctly. Do not put the butt of the rifle on your right thigh and there is no need to bend forward. Stand at Attention, look down at your hands to see what you are doing, and loosen/tighten the sling.

Below is how you should look. First image is the Army cradle technique (AF/SF can use this technique). Second from left is the technique the rest of the services use. The last two images show the ONLY authorized position for Sling Arms. The right forearm MUST be horizontal.

Pershing Rifles 2023 Drill Meet Audio Critiques

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It was a great day judging color guard and I made real-time audio (MP3) critiques for each team. Here they are in alphabetical order:

Alabama A&M

Appalachian State

Bowling Green

CBU G10

Clemson

CUNY

East TN State

Herndon

KS State

Lackey 1

Lackey 2

Ohio State

Paul R Brown

Rutgers

Spotsylvania

UNC CH

Uni of Cinci

UVA Watts

WVU

A Study on the Center of a Formation

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Versión en español a continuación.

Each service recognizes that the center of a color guard with two guards and an even number of color bearers is the space between the two bearers. If the team has an odd number of color bearers, the center is the center color bearer. Simple. For a platoon/flight, there is a little more too it but…

It’s Not Rocket Science

Now, you can MAKE this rocket science and confuse everyone around you with your lack of understanding if you want but you are doing a disservice to others.

Let’s get some terms defined:

Center by Service

The Army does not define Center. The Army drill and ceremonies manuals have simply stated the commander (squad leader, platoon Sgt/leader, company commander, etc.) is centered on the formation.

The Marine Corps (Navy and Coast Guard) definition: “The middle element of a formation with an odd number of elements or the left center element of a formation with an even number of elements.”

The Air Force (Space Force) definition: “The middle point of a formation. On an odd-numbered front, the center is the center person or element. On an even-numbered front, the center is the right center person or element.” (Emphasis mine.)

  • When the USAF first became an independent service, it took some information for drill and ceremonies from the Army, some from the Marine Corps, and then made up some standards. This might be where the confusion lies because of the USAF’s added term, Front, we must define it because this is key to the USAF explanation as to how it completely differs from the Marine Corps definition.

Front by Service

The Army does not define Front, specifically. However, it does have a graphic that has been around for decades showing that the Front of a formation is when it is in column.

The Marine Corps definition: “The space occupied by an element or a formation, measured from one flank to the other. The front of an individual is considered to be 22 inches.”

The USAF definition: “The space occupied by a unit, measured from flank to flank [“flank to flank” is the left or right, which only applies to the formation aligned in column -DM]. The front of an individual is considered to be 22 inches.”

And just to make sure we are all on the same page, let’s go ahead and get Element out in the open.

Element by Service

The Army does not define Element, specifically. However, it does describe formations as “the elements of a unit.” (TC 3-21.5, ix, first paragraph.)

The Marine Corps definition: “An individual, squad, section, platoon, company, or other unit that is part of a larger unit.” (Emphasis mine.) “Or other unit” must then include a rank because the MCO requires the formation commander to NOT be centered on the platoon with even-numbered ranks.

The USAF definition: “The basic formation; that is, the smallest drill unit comprised of at least 3, but usually 8 to 12 individuals, one of whom is designated the element leader.”

  • This definition is not exact and needs more information.
    • The AF/SF do not drill at the element level and uses Army standards for element (squad) drill.
    • Technically, an element is an individual, element (squad), flight, squadron, etc. that is part of a larger group. But the AF covers for not using that definition by giving us “Unit”.
  • Unit
    • Any portion of a given formation.

Where Some in the AF Get Confused

Above, I highlighted the word Front because you will see it does not appear in the MCO definition of Center but appears in the AFPAM definition. “On an odd-numbered front” – ODD NUMBERED FRONT. Only the FRONT. For the AF, the front is only identified when marching in column formation, element (squad) leaders leading. This has NOTHING to do with the placement of the formation commander, no matter whet direction the formation marches.

The USAF image for Front (1960)
The USAF image for Front (1956)

The Marine Corps Extends the Definition of Center and Front

For the MCO, and ONLY for the Marine Corps, Navy, and Coast Guard, the Front switches but only when marching to the flank. I’ll explain. A platoon forms in Line Formation with the commander centered. That center can be the gap between ranks or a rank, but it must be the center of the formation. You can see that in the diagram below. This is Figure 9-1.

i. The unit leader will march to the left and parallel to the platoon, from a position where he/she can best control the unit.
j. All commands given by the unit leader while the platoon is halted will be six paces in front of the unit and centered on the element.

Chapter 9 Platoon Drill, Para. 1. General

In column, the platoon commander marches at the head of the left file of the platoon (see figure 9-2), unless drilling the platoon, in which case he/she would maintain a position 6 paces from the platoon.

3. Posts of Individuals a.

At this command [Fall In], the guide takes post so that the first rank, when aligned on the guide will be centered on and three paces from the platoon sergeant.

5. Forming the Platoon by the Platoon Sergeant

(1) When appropriate, the platoon may be formed by the platoon commander rather than the platoon sergeant. The procedures are the same except that the platoon commander takes post six paces in front of the point where the center of the platoon will be.

c. Forming the Platoon by the Platoon Commander

The platoon commander and guide execute the flanking movement with the platoon, but do not change their position within the platoon. (For the one exception to this, see enclosure 1, chapter 10, paragraph 12. [This deals with column of platoons information])

21. b. To March to the Flank

The platoon can march for any distance with squad leaders leading (the rectangles in the image below with the “X”) and can make small changes in direction by marching to the right or left flank so that the squad leaders are to the left or right (respectively) of the formation. For the Marine Corps, Navy, and Coast Guard, the commander comes in line to the left of center rank but only when marching to the flank.

MCO 5060.20 Center when marching to the flank

What this Means

Don’t use the flank center justification for JROTC platoon commander alignment on the rear-of-center rank. It doesn’t hold water.

Clarity is not the strong suit of the US military, regardless of branch. Still, the MCO seems to have better and more accurate descriptions- mostly but not all. Having a Front on the side of a formation isn’t necessary. Staying centered works just fine.

Versión en Español

Por favor, vea las imágenes de arriba mientras lee.

Cada servicio reconoce que el centro de una escolta con dos guardias y un número par de abanderados es el espacio entre los dos abanderados. Si el equipo tiene un número impar de portadores del color, el centro es el portador del color central. Simple. Para un pelotón/vuelo, también hay un poco más, pero…

No es Una Ciencia Exacta

Ahora, puedes HACER esta ciencia espacial y confundir a todos los que te rodean con tu falta de comprensión si quieres, pero no estás haciendo ningún favor a los demás.

Definamos algunos términos:

Centro por Servicio

El Ejército no define Centro. Los manuales de ceremonias y ejercicios del Ejército simplemente establecen que el comandante (líder de escuadrón, sargento/líder de pelotón, comandante de compañía, etc.) está centrado en la formación.

Definición del Cuerpo de Marines (Armada y Guardia Costera): “El elemento medio de una formación con un número impar de elementos o el elemento central izquierdo de una formación con un número par de elementos”.

La definición de la Fuerza Aérea (Fuerza Espacial): “El punto medio de una formación. En un frente impar, el centro es la persona o elemento central. En un frente par, el centro es la persona o elemento central derecho. ” (El énfasis es mío).

Cuando la USAF se convirtió por primera vez en un servicio independiente, tomó cierta información para los ejercicios y ceremonias del Ejército, algo de la Infantería de Marina, y luego elaboró algunos estándares. Aquí podría ser donde radica la confusión debido al término agregado por la USAF, Frente, debemos definirlo porque esto es clave para la explicación de la USAF en cuanto a en qué se diferencia completamente de la definición del Cuerpo de Marines.

Frente por Servicio

El Ejército no define Frente específicamente. Sin embargo, tiene un gráfico que existe desde hace décadas que muestra que el Frente de una formación es cuando está en columna.

La definición del Cuerpo de Marines: “El espacio ocupado por un elemento o una formación, medido de un flanco al otro. Se considera que el frente de un individuo mide 22 pulgadas”.

La definición de la USAF: “El espacio ocupado por una unidad, medido de flanco a flanco [“flanco a flanco” es el izquierdo o el derecho, lo que sólo se aplica a la formación alineada en la columna -DM]. El frente de un individuo se considera ser de 22 pulgadas.”

Y solo para asegurarnos de que todos estamos en la misma página, sigamos adelante y saquemos a Element a la luz pública.

Elemento por Servicio

El Ejército no define Elemento específicamente. Sin embargo, describe las formaciones como “los elementos de una unidad”. (TC 3-21.5, ix, primer párrafo.)

La definición del Cuerpo de Marines: “Un individuo, escuadrón, sección, pelotón, compañía u otra unidad que forma parte de una unidad más grande”. (El énfasis es mío.) “U otra unidad” debe incluir un rango porque la MCO requiere que el comandante de la formación NO se centre en el pelotón con rangos pares.

La definición de la USAF: “La formación básica; es decir, la unidad de instrucción más pequeña compuesta por al menos 3, pero generalmente de 8 a 12 individuos, uno de los cuales es designado líder del elemento”.

  • Esta definición no es exacta y necesita más información.
    • Las AF/SF no realizan ejercicios a nivel de elemento y utilizan estándares del Ejército para ejercicios de elemento (escuadrón).
    • Técnicamente, un elemento es un individuo, elemento (escuadrón), vuelo, escuadrón, etc. que forma parte de un grupo más grande. Pero la AF cubre el no uso de esa definición al darnos “Unidad”.
  • Unidad
    • Cualquier porción de una formación determinada.

Donde algunos en el AF se Confunden

Arriba, resalté la palabra Frente porque verán que no aparece en la definición de Centro de MCO pero aparece en la definición de AFPAM. “En frente impar” – FRENTE IMPAR NUMERADO. Sólo el FRENTE. Para las Fuerzas Armadas, el frente sólo se identifica cuando se marcha en formación de columnas, con los líderes de los elementos (escuadrones) al frente. Esto no tiene NADA que ver con la ubicación del comandante de la formación, sin importar la dirección en la que marche la formación.

La Infantería de Marina amplía la definición de centro y frente

Para la MCO, y SÓLO para la Infantería de Marina, la Armada y la Guardia Costera, el Frente cambia pero sólo cuando marcha hacia el flanco. Lo explicaré. Un pelotón puede marchar a cualquier distancia con los líderes de escuadrón a la cabeza (los rectángulos en la imagen de abajo con la “X”) y puede hacer pequeños cambios de dirección marchando hacia el flanco derecho o izquierdo para que los líderes de escuadrón estén a la izquierda o a la derecha. (respectivamente) de la formación. Para la Infantería de Marina, la Armada y la Guardia Costera (¡SÓLO!), el comandante se alinea a la izquierda de la fila central, pero solo cuando marcha hacia el flanco.

Lo que esto Significa

No utilice la justificación del flanco central para alinear al comandante de pelotón del JROTC en la fila trasera del centro. No retiene agua.

La claridad no es el punto fuerte del ejército estadounidense, independientemente de su rama. Aun así, la MCO parece tener descripciones mejores y más precisas, la mayoría, pero no todas. No es necesario tener un Frente al lado de una formación. Mantenerse centrado funciona bien.

School Flag Detail

No School JROTC or CAP Program?

DrillMasterAsk DrillMaster, Color Guard/Color Team 2 Comments

No problem!

There are all kinds of cadet and explorer programs attached to elementary and high schools around the country. Read more about them here. Some schools have a small program that concentrates on providing a color guard and/or a Flag Detail. But how do you start one?

I have received this question before and provided guidance and now that I have received it again, I think we should take a look at something a student might want to start.

Firs Things First, Second Things Second, and so on…

First, write up a proposal of what you want the program to do.

  • You could have a color guard (presents the colors at all kinds of functions) and/or a flag detail (raises and lowers the flag daily).
  • You will want to include what standards to follow (usually, Army: TC 3-21.5 and AR 840-10).
  • Suggest a type of uniform, something that everyone could wear without spending an excessive amount of money (you could begin with jeans and a polo-type shirt and progress from there).
  • Set up training days and times. How often? How long?
  • Write up what the leadership positions will be. The Color Guard Captain carries the American flag, what are the position’s other responsibilities? What does the Flag Detail Captain do?
  • Create a brief curriculum to teach each position of a color guard and/or the flag detail.

Second, get a worksheet together (I did most of the work for you at that link) on the equipment you think you will need and have an idea for fundraising to take care of purchasing the equipment.

Finally, get all of your ducks in a row and schedule some time with the principal and even the superintendent to give a briefing on the plans you have. This will enable support at the top that can begin the search for a teacher/staff member who will sponsor the program at the school.

Your club doesn’t have to be a “military club” but a small organization whose members want to serve the school and community by properly rendering honors at games and other occasions.

Zouave Cadets

Zouave Cadets

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While commanding officer of the Rockford Greys militia company [There have been other cadets organizations termed “Greys” -DM], Elmer Ellsworth, introduced his men to drills inspired by those used by French Zouave units. Ellsworth himself had been introduced to Zouave military customs by Charles A. DeVilliers, a French physician, immigrant, and veteran of a Zouave outfit during the Crimean War. In 1859, soldiers of the National Guard Cadets of Chicago saw the Rockford Greys performing Zouave-inspired drills and offered Ellsworth command of their unit. Ellsworth accepted the offer, transforming the National Guard Cadets of Chicago into the United States Zouave Cadets.

On July 4, 1859, the United States Zouave Cadets – now 46 members strong – first publicly appeared in their new Zouave uniforms and executed the unique Franco-Algerian Zouave drill in front of Chicago’s Tremont Hall. With a training schedule of three evenings per week, the United States Zouave Cadets established a reputation for parade ground excellence called by one observer as “unsurpassed this side of West Point”. The United States Zouave Cadets saw their biggest audience, estimated to be 70,000 in number, the following September during the seventh annual United States Agricultural Society Fair which was hosted by Chicago.

There was even a march written for the cadets, The Zouave Cadets Quick Step.

To read more about them, visit this site.